Glossary Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a complication after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant where the newly transplanted cells attack the recipient's tissues, leading to inflammation and organ damage. Adjuvant is a substance which enhances the body's immune response to an antigen. Albumin is any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. It is found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. In the human body, serum albumin is the major plasma protein (approximately 60% of the total). Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that may cause lung disease and liver disease. Angiotensin is a hormone that tightens blood vessels, helping regulate blood pressure by controlling how much blood flows through them. Cell-based (technology) for the manufacture of influenza vaccines, is a process of growing viruses in animal cells. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) a progressive condition where the kidneys lose function over time, leading to complications like high blood pressure and anaemia. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder which causes gradual weakness and a loss in sensation mainly in the arms and legs. Coagulation is the process of clot formation. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-Z. Endothelin is a protein in the body that affects blood vessel narrowing and widening, which in turn impacts blood pressure and blood flow. Greenhouse gas (GHG) are gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature on Earth. What distinguishes them from other gases is that they absorb the wavelengths of radiation that a planet emits, resulting in the greenhouse effect. Haemophilia is a haemorrhagic cluster of diseases occurring in two main forms – Haemophilia A (classic haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency). an X linked disorder due to deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. – Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency, Christmas disease), also X linked, due to deficiency of coagulation factor IX. Haemostasis is the body's process of stopping bleeding after an injury; it involves blood vessel constriction, platelet activation, and blood clot formation. Haematocrit the percentage of red blood cells in a person's blood. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare but serious genetic disorder caused by low levels or improper function of a protein called Ci-esterase inhibitor. It causes swelling, particularly of the face and airways, and abdominal cramping. Immunoglobulins (Ig), also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by plasma cells. They are designed to control the body's immune response by binding to substances in the body that are recognised as foreign antigens (often proteins on the surface of bacteria or viruses). Immunoglobulin A nephropathy a kidney disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the kidneys, leading to inflammation and kidney damage. Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). Interleukin a group of cytokines produced by leucocytes (white blood cells) and other body cells for regulating immune responses. Intermediate–high risk (sub-massive) pulmonary embolism refers to a condition where a blood clot partially blocks one of more arteries in the lungs, causing symptoms that are more severe than those of a small clot but less severe than those of a massive clot, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and an increased risk of complications such as heart strain. Intravenous is the administration of drugs or fluids directly into a vein. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an antibody produced by a single clone of cells. Monoclonal antibodies are a cornerstone of immunology and are increasingly coming into use as therapeutic agents. Pandemic is the worldwide spread of a disease. Pharmacovigilance is the practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions. Plasma is the yellow-coloured liquid component of blood in which blood cells are suspended. Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is an inherited condition where there is an impaired immune response. It may be in one or more aspects of the immune system. Prophylaxis is the action of a vaccine or drug that acts to defend against or prevent a disease. sa-mRNA is a technology designed to enhance protein production within cells. With this technology, the mRNA incorporates an element that allows the host cell to make copies of the administered mRNA, which in turn increases the amount of protein that the cell produces. Scope 1 emissions are controlled by the company, for example, emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers, furnaces, or vehicles. Scope 2 emissions are released as a result of one or more activities that generate electricity, heating, cooling or steam that is consumed by the facility, but that do not form part of the facility. Scope 3 emissions are the result of activities from assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organisation, but that the organisation indirectly affects in its value chain. Scope 3 emissions include all sources not within an organisation's Scope 1 and 2 boundary. Subcutaneous is the administration of drugs or fluids into the subcutaneous tissue, which is located just below the skin. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, which can obstruct blood flow and lead to serious complications if the clot dislodges and travels to other parts of the body. Trivalent influenza vaccine is a vaccine that offers protection against three different influenza virus strains. 143 CSL Limited Annual Report 2024/25
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