Note 11: Financial Risk Management CSL holds financial instruments that arise from the Group’s need to access financing, from the Group’s operational activities and as part of the Group’s risk management activities. The Group is exposed to financial risks associated with its financial instruments. Financial instruments comprise cash and cash equivalents, receivables, contract assets, other financial assets, payables and other liabilities, bank loans and overdrafts, unsecured notes, and lease liabilities. The primary risks these give rise to are: • Foreign exchange risk • Interest rate risk • Credit risk • Funding and liquidity risk • Capital management risk Source of Risk Risk Mitigation a. Foreign Exchange Risk The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk because of its international operations. These risks relate to future commercial transactions, assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies and net investments in foreign operations. Where possible CSL takes advantage of natural hedging (i.e. the existence of payables and receivables in the same currency). The Group also reduces its foreign exchange risk on net investments in foreign operations by denominating external borrowings in currencies that match the currencies of its foreign investments. b. Interest Rate Risk The Group is exposed to interest rate risk through its primary financial assets and liabilities. The Group mitigates interest rate risk on borrowings primarily by entering into fixed rate arrangements, which are not subject to interest rate movements in the ordinary course. If necessary, CSL also hedges interest rate risk using derivative instruments (including the T-lock entered into and settled during the year as disclosed in Note 3 and Note 12). As at 30 June 2022, no derivative financial instruments hedging interest rate risk were outstanding (2021: Nil). c. Credit Risk The Group is exposed to credit risk from financial instruments contracts and trade and other receivables. The maximum exposure to credit risk at reporting date is the carrying amount, net of any provision for impairment inclusive of any lifetime expected credit losses under AASB 9, if applicable, of each financial asset in the balance sheet. The Group mitigates credit risk from financial instruments contracts by only entering into transactions with counterparties who have sound credit ratings. Given their high credit ratings, management does not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations. The Group minimises the credit risk associated with trade and other debtors by undertaking transactions with a large number of customers in various countries. The Group enters into arrangements with distributors to sell products in some markets. Certain distributors may contribute to 10% or more revenue of the Group. Creditworthiness of customers is reviewed prior to granting credit, using trade references and credit reference agencies. As at 30 June 2022, the Group was holding larger than normal cash balances to fund the acquisition of Vifor (Note 2). The cash balances were held with appropriately rated counterparties in accordance with board approved policy. d. Funding and Liquidity Risk The Group is exposed to funding and liquidity risk from operations and from external borrowing. One type of this risk is credit spread risk, which is the risk that in refinancing its debt, CSL may be exposed to an increased credit spread. Another type of this risk is liquidity risk, which is the risk of not being able to refinance debt obligations or meet other cash outflow obligations when required. Liquidity and re-financing risks are not significant for the Group, as CSL has a prudent gearing level and strong cash flows. The Groupmitigates funding and liquidity risks by ensuring that: • The Group has sufficient funds on hand to achieve its working capital and investment objectives • The Group focuses on improving operational cash flow and maintaining a strong balance sheet • Short-term liquidity, long-term liquidity and crisis liquidity requirements are effectively managed, minimising the cost of funding and maximising the return on any surplus funds through efficient cash management • It has adequate flexibility in financing to balance short-term liquidity requirements and long-term core funding and minimise refinancing risk e. Capital Risk Management The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern while providing returns to shareholders and benefits to other stakeholders. Capital is defined as the amount subscribed by shareholders to the Company’s ordinary shares and amounts advanced by debt providers to any Group entity. The Group aims to maintain a capital structure, which reflects the use of a prudent level of debt funding. The aim is to reduce the Group’s cost of capital without adversely affecting the credit margins applied to the Group’s debt funding. Each year the Directors determine the dividend taking into account factors such as profitability and liquidity. CSL Limited Annual Report 2021/22 119
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