CSL Ltd Annual Report 2021

16 Medical Glossary Adjuvant is a substance which enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen. Albumin is any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. It is found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. In the human body, serum albumin is the major plasma protein (approximately 60% of the total). Allantoic fluid is fluid found in the foetal membrane that develops from the yolk sac. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that may cause lung disease and liver disease. Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Autoimmune disease is when the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells. Biopharmaceuticals are proteins (including antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA or antisense oligonucleotides) used for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. Cell-based (technology) for the manufacture of influenza vaccines, is a process of growing viruses in animal cells. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder which causes gradual weakness and a loss in sensation mainly in the arms and legs. Coagulation is the process of clot formation. Coronavirus is a group of RNA viruses that cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological diseases in humans and other animals. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Haemophilia is a haemorrhagic cluster of diseases occurring in two main forms: Haemophilia A (classic haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency), an X linked disorder due to deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency, Christmas disease), also X linked, due to deficiency of coagulation factor IX. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare but serious genetic disorder caused by low levels or improper function of a protein called C1-esterase inhibitor. It causes swelling, particularly of the face and airways, and abdominal cramping. Immunoglobulins (IgG) , also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by plasma cells. They are designed to control the body’s immune response by binding to substances in the body that are recognised as foreign antigens (often proteins on the surface of bacteria or viruses). Inherited respiratory diseases are diseases that are passed from parents to their children through their genes. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an example of an inherited disorder that may cause lung disease and liver disease. Influenza , commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). Intravenous is the administration of drugs or fluids directly into a vein. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an antibody produced by a single clone of cells. Monoclonal antibodies are a cornerstone of immunology and are increasingly coming into use as therapeutic agents. Neurology is the science of nerves and the nervous system. Pandemic is the worldwide spread of a disease. Pharmacovigilance is the practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions. Plasma is the yellow-coloured liquid component of blood in which blood cells are suspended. Primary immunodeficiency (PI) is an inherited condition where there is an impaired immune response. It may be in one or more aspects of the immune system. Prophylaxis is the action of a vaccine or drug that acts to defend against or prevent a disease. Q fever is a bacterial infection that can cause a severe flu-like illness. It is spread to humans by animals, most commonly sheep, goats and cattle. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine is a vaccine that offers protection against four different influenza virus strains. Recombinants are proteins prepared by recombinant technology. Procedures are used to join together segments in a cell-free system (an environment outside a cell organism). Subcutaneous is the administration of drugs or fluids into the subcutaneous tissue, which is located just below the skin. Trivalent influenza vaccin e is a vaccine that offers protection against three different influenza virus strains. von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a hereditary disorder caused by defective or deficient von Willebrand factor, a protein involved in normal blood clotting. CSL Limited Annual Report 2020/21 158