CSL Ltd Annual Report 2020

Adjuvant is a substance which enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen. Albumin is any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. It is found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. In the human body, serum albumin is the major plasma protein (approximately 60% of the total). Allantoic fluid is fluid found in the foetal membrane that develops from the yolk sac. Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Autoimmune disease is when the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells. Biopharmaceuticals are proteins (including antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA or antisense oligonucleotides) used for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. Cell-based (technology) for the manufacture of influenza vaccines, is a process of growing viruses in animal cells. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder which causes gradual weakness and a loss in sensation mainly in the arms and legs. Coagulation is the process of clot formation. Coronavirus is a group of RNA viruses that cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological diseases in humans and other animals. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune condition that causes skin changes and muscle weakness. Diffuse alveolar damage describes changes to the structure of the lungs during injury or disease. It is associated with the early stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Fibrinogen is a coagulation factor found in human plasma that is crucial for blood clot formation. Haemophilia is a haemorrhagic cluster of diseases occurring in two main forms: Haemophilia A (classic haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency), an X linked disorder due to deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency, Christmas disease), also X linked, due to deficiency of coagulation factor IX. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare but serious genetic disorder caused by low levels or improper function of a protein called C1-esterase inhibitor. It causes swelling, particularly of the face and airways, and abdominal cramping. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a skin condition that causes small, painful lumps to form under the skin. Immunoglobulins (IgG) , also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by plasma cells. They are designed to control the body’s immune response by binding to substances in the body that are recognised as foreign antigens (often proteins on the surface of bacteria or viruses). Inherited respiratory diseases are diseases that are passed from parents to their children through their genes. Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is an example of an inherited disorder that may cause lung disease and liver disease. Influenza , commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). Intravenous is the administration of drugs or fluids directly into a vein. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an antibody produced by a single clone of cells. Monoclonal antibodies are a cornerstone of immunology and are increasingly coming into use as therapeutic agents. Neurology is the science of nerves and the nervous system. Pandemic is the worldwide spread of a disease. Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues or gums that hold teeth in place. CSL Limited Annual Report 2020 148 15 Medical Glossary