CSL Ltd Annual Report 2019

13 Adjuvant is a substance which enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen. Albumin is any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. It is found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. In the human body, serum albumin is the major plasma protein (approximately 60% of the total). Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that may cause lung disease and liver disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a degenerative disorder of specific nerve cells of the spinal cord, brain stem and brain. Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Autoimmune disease is when the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells. Biopharmaceuticals are proteins (including antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA or antisense oligonucleotides) used for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. C1 esterase inhibitor is a protein found in the fluid part of blood that controls C1, the first component of the complement system. The complement system is a group of proteins that move freely through the blood stream. These proteins work with the immune system and play a role in the development of inflammation. Cell-based (technology) for the manufacture of influenza vaccines, is a process of growing viruses in animal cells. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder which causes gradual weakness and a loss in sensation mainly in the arms and legs. Coagulation is the process of clot formation. Emphysema is a type of lung disease that causes breathlessness. Fibrinogen is a coagulation factor found in human plasma that is crucial for blood clot formation. Fractionation is the process of separating plasma into its component parts, such as clotting factors, albumin and immunoglobulin, and purifying them. Haemophilia is a haemorrhagic cluster of diseases occurring in two main forms: 1. Haemophilia A (classic haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency), an X linked disorder due to deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. 2. Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency, Christmas disease), also X linked, due to deficiency of coagulation factor IX. Herd immunity is the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare but serious genetic disorder caused by low levels or improper function of a protein called C1-esterase inhibitor. It causes swelling, particularly of the face and airways, and abdominal cramping. Hereditary emphysema is a physiological condition that results in excessive amounts of white blood cells (neutrophils) entering the lungs, causing inflammation and chronic lung disease. Immunoglobulins (IgG), also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by plasma cells. They are designed to control the body’s immune response by binding to substances in the body that are recognised as foreign antigens (often proteins on the surface of bacteria or viruses). Influenza , commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by a RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). Intravenous is the administration of drugs or fluids directly into a vein. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an antibody produced by a single clone of cells. Monoclonal antibodies are a cornerstone of immunology and are increasingly coming into use as therapeutic agents. Neurology is the science of nerves and the nervous system. Pandemic is the worldwide spread of a disease. Perioperative bleeding is bleeding during an operation. CSL Limited Annual Report 2019 138 Medical Glossary